About the cultivation of rapeseed and the importance of soil preparation for a successful germination of the plant.
This article provides guidance on managing residues from the previous crop, soil preparation techniques and creating optimal seedbed conditions to ensure uniform and rapid crop emergence.
În plus, sunt discutate problemele potențiale legate de compactarea excesivă a solului și de alegerea metodelor de lucrare a solului. În esență, oferă îndrumări tehnice pentru a obține o cultivare reușită a rapiței. Pregătirea patului germinativ pentru plantarea rapiței este crucială pentru succesul culturii. Crearea unor condiții optime pentru patul germinativ presupune asigurarea absenței bulgărilor sau a particulelor prea fine în sol, protejarea umidității solului și evitarea compactării acestuia.
Pregătirea solului
Depending on soil conditions and previous crops, the following tillage methods can be chosen:
Lucrarea tradițională a solului
This involves a medium-depth ploughing (20-25 centimetres), followed by a harrowing to effectively loosen the soil. This type of tillage is the preferred solution for harder soils and when there are large amounts of crop residues.
Lucrarea minimă a solului
This option involves the use of a disc to a depth of about 25 centimetres or, if the soil is friable and well structured at depth, a shallow tillage using only discs to a depth of about 15 centimetres.
Semănatul direct
Given the critical problems encountered during the sprouting phase, particularly in the presence of a shallow layer of residue from the previous crop, this solution needs to be considered carefully and should only be reserved for soils that tend to be loose, well-structured, in contexts where this practice is established. Experience to date advises against adopting this technique on oilseed rape.
To ensure proper sprouting of oilseed rape, the residues of the previous crop must be treated. Shredding of cereal stubble and fine chopping of straw, ensuring that the straw is less than 5 cm long, is recommended. In addition, it is important that the chopped straw is evenly distributed over the entire working width and that mixing of residues in the topsoil is avoided. These operations will help to create optimal conditions for the seedbed.
To ensure optimal conditions for the seedbed, it is advisable to follow certain operational instructions:
- Make sure the soil is well loosened, making sure there are no lumps or grains that are too fine.
- Tillage must protect the moisture present in the soil, as ‘dry soil’ conditions at sowing are a major problem for seedling emergence.
- In order for the taproot to deepen, soil compaction conditions must be avoided.
- If the soil is too soft at sowing time, consider rolling it.
- Cultivation techniques should aim to reduce surface crusting.